KINGDOM ANIMALIA

Snail : Mollusks, Bath sponge Jellyfish, earthworm, Tooth shell, starfish, Sea urchin, Lobster, Tarantula &  Swalloatail, butterfly, Aphid, rootworm, tapeworm, tunicate, stingray, Eryops (extinct), Brontosaurus (extinct), Lazuli bunting, koala

Basic characteristics of Animals

�The Animal kingdom is the largest of the five kingdoms

�They are multicellular and eucaryotic organisms

�  In some animals the young
     have the basic features as
     the adults

 Symmetry in Animals

�A few organisms are asymmetry amebas and  most sponges

 Invertebrates : -Animals without  a backbone

 Classification of Invertebrates

Some Example for Invertebrate Animals

Millipedes Velvetworms

SPONGES

Most people think of a sponge as a pastel-colored, rectangular-shaped object that comes wrapped in plastic. Sponges are one of the most primitive forms of animal life. They are mainly found in saltwater environments, but a few species are found living unpolluted fresh water.

Sponges: Phylum Porifera

�Sessile �fixed to the ground

�Two cell layer

�No nervous system

�Asexual and sexual reproduction

�About 10.000 species

Sponge

General characteristics

�The sponges are the simplest multicellular animals.

�Sponges are pierced by many pores or holes

�All sponges are aquatic.Most are found in salt water, but a few live in fresh water.

   Although the larvae are free swimming, adult sponges are sessile
   -that is, they attached to something, usually shells or rocks on the ocean floor.      Because the pores of a sponge are small , most sponges live in clear water that is free of floating   matter that could clog the pores. Within hours, these cells reform into the shape of the original sponge. No other animal species  shares this amazing ability of sponge cells to reorganize themselves. 

 COELENTERATES                     Coelenterates: Obelia

Once the food is digested, coelenterates release waste products through their mouth.  
There are two general body forms found among the coelenterates. The medusa is shaped like an upside-down bowl,with the mouth and tentacles facing downward. The medusa is usually free swimming.  Hydra

The hydra is a simple multicellular animal about   5 millimeters  long from the tip of its tentacles to its base.

The tentacles, which surround the mouth, contain stinging cells called a  cnidoblasts Within each cnidoblast  is a capsule called a nematocyst, which contains a coiled, hollow thread. 

CORAL

 Corals, like all coelenterates, are soft-body organisms.but corals use minerals in the water to build a hard protective covering of limestone.
Coral

�The mouth of this coral is surrounded by tentacles.

�What is the function of tentacles?

Since algae need sunlight to make food, corals must live in shallow water where sunlight can reach them. This relationship between a coral and animal and algae plant is among the most unusual in nature.

Sea Anemones : Sea anemones look like underwater flowers. However, the �petals� are really tentacles, and their brilliant coloring helps attract passing fish. The tentacles then pull the fish into the anemone's mouth, and the stunned prey soon is digested.At the same time, the clownfish serve as a kind of living bait for the anemone. Other fish see the clownfish, come closer, and Jellyfish If you saw a jellylike cup floating in the water, recognize this coelenterate, the jellyfish. In fact, even when they are broken  up into small pieces, the stinging cells remain active and can sting a passing swimmer who accidentally bumps into them.Aurelia is acommon jellyfish. Its life cycle includes both medusa and polyp forms.The jellylike body of the medusa is the form commonly seen on beaches. Protective tentacles hang from the edge of the umbrellalike body. The sexes are separate in Aurelia, but the male and female look alike. Early development occurs while the zygote is attached to the female. The zygote develops into a small, oval-shaped, ciliated larva called a planula. The larva  develops a mouth and tentacles at the unattached  end  and becomes a polyp. The medusa stage reproduces sexually by the production of egg and sperm, and it gives rise to the polyp stage.